Typography - Task 2

4 October 2022 - 11 October 2022 / Week 6 - Week 7
Sim Jia Min 0349784 
Typography / Bachelor of Design (Hons) in Creative Media / Taylor's University
Task 2: Typographic Exploration & Communication


LECTURES
Typo_Task 2_Process Demo (Quick tutorial video of Task 2)
- Do sketches for headline expression
- Create headline in Illustrator, then import it into InDesign to do the rest (depends on the expression, some can also  directly do on InDesign)
- InDesign document size: 200mm x 200mm, 6 pages, 3 columns, column gutter 5mm
- Facing pages: pages> select all pages> right click turn off allow selected spreads to shuffle> drag pages into two pages
- Place illustrator headline into document
- After done a layout, copy & paste them and cover them with patches (grey), for seeing division of white areas and grey areas


INSTRUCTIONS


Task 2: Typographic Exploration & Communication

Research & inspiration of headline expression

Figure 1.1: Poster design by Nicole Lesko

Figure 1.2: Type design by Ced Ferrer
Since I chose "Follow The Code" for this task, so I want to focus on the "follow" to make the headline expression, and I am inspired by the headline of these designs (Figures 1.1 & 1.2), lengthen the stroke of the letterforms to connect with the body texts. I think the term "follow" is suitable for this type of connected expression because it will make the headline looks like they are "following" the body text.

Sketches
Figure 1.3: Layout sketches (Week 6, 4/10/22)
I sketch out a few ideas before digitalization, the ideas are clear and simple, long lines & arrows to express the term meaning of "follow" and make them have some certain interaction with the body text.

Layout Progress
Figure 1.4: WIP of diagonal layout (Week 6, 4/10/22)
I was planning to arrange the layout by following diagonal baselines but then I realised making a layout like this is quite risky and difficult for me, as a beginner. Also, it will be better to start learning to do layout by following straight baselines, so I decided to drop this layout and move on to the others.

Figure 1.5: Headline type expression (Week 7, 7/10/22)
Some headline expressions that are made directly on InDesign, refer to the sketches and inspirations.

Figure 1.6: Draft layout compilation (Week 7, 10/10/22)

Figure 1.7: Draft layouts with patches (Week 7, 10/10/22)
My main idea for these layouts is to create an interaction between the lines from the headline with the body texts, which makes the texts look like they are actually "following" by the lines. 

Figure 1.8: Layout #1 (Week 7, 10/10/22)
Fonts: Univers LT Std Ultra Condensed (headline), ITC New Baskerville Std Bold, Roman & Bold Italic (lead-in text & body text)
Font Size: 100 pt (headline), 27 pt (lead-in text), 9 pt (body text)
Leading: 25 pt (lead-in text), 10 pt (body text)
Paragraph Spacing: 10 pt (body text)
Average characters per line: 55 (body text)
Alignment: Aligned left
I found that the lead-in text in this layout is not really in an appropriate position, it should be near the body text instead of the headline, as it is called a "lead-in text". 

Figure 1.9: Layout #2 (Week 7, 10/10/22)
Fonts: Univers LT Std Ultra Condensed (headline), ITC New Baskerville Std Bold, Roman & Bold Italic (lead-in text & body text)
Font Size: 100 pt (headline), 18 pt (lead-in text), 9 pt (body text)
Leading: 18 pt (lead-in text), 10 pt (body text)
Paragraph Spacing: 10 pt (body text)
Average characters per line: 55 (body text)
Alignment: Aligned left
The type expression for this is too plain, just a line doesn't really speak much for me.

Figure 2.1: Layout #3 (Week 7, 10/10/22)
Fonts: Univers LT Std Ultra Condensed (headline), ITC New Baskerville Std Bold, Roman & Bold Italic (lead-in text & body text)
Font Size: 100 pt (headline), 16 pt (lead-in text), 9 pt (body text)
Leading: 13 pt (lead-in text), 10 pt (body text)
Paragraph Spacing: 10 pt (body text)
Average characters per line: 57 (body text)
Alignment: Justify aligned left
The vertical line at the middle of the gutter looks weird to me, especially if it prints as a book, it might cause some misalignment or even becomes not so visible.

Figure 2.2: Layout #4 (Week 7, 10/10/22)
Fonts: Univers LT Std Ultra Condensed (headline), ITC New Baskerville Std Bold, Roman & Bold Italic (lead-in text & body text)
Font Size: 123 pt (headline), 20 pt (lead-in text), 10 pt (body text)
Leading: 13 pt (lead-in text), 12 pt (body text)
Paragraph Spacing: 12 pt (body text)
Average characters per line: 54 (body text)
Alignment: Justify aligned left

Figure 2.3: Layout #5 Chosen Final Layout (Week 7, 10/10/22)
Fonts: Gill Sans Std Regular (headline), ITC New Baskerville Std Bold, Roman & Bold Italic (lead-in text & body text)
Font Size: 72 pt (headline), 18 pt (lead-in text), 9 pt (body text)
Leading: 14 pt (lead-in text), 10 pt (body text)
Paragraph Spacing: 10 pt (body text)
Average characters per line: 57 (body text)
Alignment: Aligned left
I think the lead-in text and body text boxes arrangement does have a better hierarchy compared with other layouts, so I pick this as the final.

Figure 2.4: Layout #6 (Week 7, 10/10/22)

Fonts: Gill Sans Std Regular (headline), ITC New Baskerville Std Bold, Roman & Bold Italic (lead-in text & body text)
Font Size: 72 pt (headline), 14 pt (lead-in text), 9 pt (body text)
Leading: 14 pt (lead-in text), 9 pt (body text)
Paragraph Spacing: 9 pt (body text)
Average characters per line: 57 (body text)
Alignment: Justify aligned left
The lead-in text doesn't really have a good placement, even though my idea is to make it follow the diagonal line, but the result looks a bit abrupt compared with the body texts near it.

FINAL TASK 2

Figure 2.5: Final Task 2 jpg (Week 7, 11/10/22)

Figure 2.6: Final Task 2 jpg with baseline grid (Week 7, 11/10/22)

Figure 2.7: Final Task 2 pdf (Week 7, 11/10/22)

Figure 2.8: Final Task 2 pdf with baseline grid (Week 7, 11/10/22)


FEEDBACK
Week 6
Peers' feedback: Most of them think that the diagonal line layout is a good idea, but the body text is quite confusing to read because they not sure where to start reading, they suggested to make the text start from top instead of the bottom.
Specific feedback:
Headline 'F' stroke are way thicker than other headline letters, make it thinner like others. The body words are not readable, can look up some professional's work like Paula Scher and learn from it.
General feedback: 
- Must always do more layout exploration 
- Headline & body text must have some certain interaction with each other
- Always make sure the body text is in an appropriate size so it's readable


REFLECTION
Experience: 
For me the hardest part is always adjusting appropriate line length with smooth ragging, so I struggled with doing the kerning & tracking, I try my best to avoid applying hyphenate but somehow it is necessary for certain paragraphs. Also from the peers' reviews session during physical class, I found that it is quite significant to listen to their suggestions because I get to learn things from them, it is nice to have discussions with them since most of them are very passionate, kind and helpful.

Observation:
I noticed that arranging and separating the body text box followed by paragraphs is somehow effective, it makes the texts much more readable. I am not very satisfied with any of my layouts because I feel that there is something off about them, perhaps is that I am too reliant on the lines to make connection between the headline and body texts, or maybe the headline type expression is not strong enough. The reason for this might be I spent more time struggling with arranging layouts instead of thinking of a good headline expression. 

Findings:
I have acquired that it is significant to make headlines have a certain connection with the body texts, and make them be related as a whole content. For improvement, I should think and sketch more ideas for headline expression, and also have good time management to avoid spending too much time on a part and neglecting other parts of the project.


FURTHER READING

Figure 3.1: Computer Typography Basics (2003)
Reference: Creamer, D. (2003). Computer Typography Basics. IDEAS Training.

Character and Word Spacing
Kerning:
- Inter-character spacing
- Creates a more pleasing look to the text
- Certain letter combinations require manual adjustments
Figure 3.2: Example of kerning

Tracking:
- Word spacing
- Make type fit a required space without altering the type size or line spacing
- Make words closer together/ make words farther apart
- Fixing single words at the end of a paragraph (orphans).
Figure 3.3: Example of tracking settings

Tracking for effect:
- Can be used as a design tool
- Readability is the most important
Figure 3.4: Example of tracking for effect

Line Spacing (Leading):
- The amount of space between lines of type
- Factors to consider:
Font used - some fonts required more line spacing than others
Line length - longer lines require more leading for easier reading
Type size - Larger type require more leading (apply to body, but for headline normally may set tigher leading)
- Texts usually have two extra points of space over type size
Figure 3.5: Comparison between line length, leading & fonts

Line Spacing for Headlines and Subheads
- Avoid auto leading because it can make larger heads look too spread out, set 2 points over type size
Figure 3.6: Comparison between auto leading & leading set 2 points over type size

Leading and Baseline Grid:
- To ensure cross-alignment
Figure 3.7: Example of cross-alignment using baseline grid

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